#16
Colonialism
#56
Jean Baptiste Colbert Statue in Paris
France
By Contested Histories Initiative •
For many years, Jean-Baptiste Colbert was praised for his involvement in creating a strong French state. In recent years, however, this status has been called into question, notably concerning his involvement in laying the foundation of the Code Noir, a legal text which legitimised slavery in the French colonies. Read More
#85
Rodolfo Graziani Monument in Affile
Italy
By Contested Histories Initiative •
A mausoleum inaugurated in August 2012 in the town of Affile, located in metropolitan Rome, has been subject to vandalism and protests by various anti-fascist groups. While the local right-wing mayor, Ercole Viri, claims that the publicly funded mausoleum was commissioned to honour Italian war veterans, the structure appears… Read More
#50
Columbus Lighthouse in Santo Domingo
Dominican Republic
By Contested Histories Initiative •
The Columbus Lighthouse of Santo Domingo is an enormous mausoleum which is said to contain Christopher Columbus’ remains. The first plans to build a monument to Columbus date back to the mid-nineteenth century, and a competition to decide the design of the project was launched in 1928. The final… Read More
#36
João Maria Ferreira do Amaral Statue in Macau (SAR)
China
By Contested Histories Initiative •
João Maria Ferreira do Amaral was the Portuguese Governor of Macau between 1846-1849, his commitment to formalizing Macau and Portugal’s colonial relationship, lead to his assassination by Chinese peasants. He became emblematic of the ambiguous colonial relationship between the two countries, leading to his statue being removed during the… Read More
#65
Carl Hagenbeck Zoo in Hamburg
Germany
By Contested Histories Initiative •
The zoo Tierpark Hagenbeck in Hamburg, Germany, was founded in 1907 by Carl Hagenbeck, a trader of wild animals who was notable for his exhibitions of people of colour in Völkerschauen or ‘human zoos’. Since 2020, petitioners and protestors have been demanding a critical reexamination of Hagenbeck’s legacy, calling… Read More
#104
The Marine Memorial in Swakopmund
Namibia
By Contested Histories Initiative •
The Marine Denkmal (Marine Memorial) in Swakopmund, Namibia, commemorates the German imperial soldiers who fought against Indigenous Namibians in the Herero Wars (1904-1908). Amid fraught Namibian-Germany relations and contested national memory politics, this monument has become a reminder of unresolved colonial legacies and traumas. Indigenous Namibian groups have pursued… Read More
Bremen’s Elefant: Memorialisation, politics, and memory surrounding German colonialism
By Berklee Baum • March 25, 2022
In 1932, German citizens gathered for the dedication of the Kolonialelefant in Bremen. The Bremen Colonial Society created this monument in memory of the German soldiers who died in the German colonies during the First World War. As well as to glorify colonialism and bolster the neo-colonial… Read More
#106
Mauritshuis in The Hague
Netherlands
By Contested Histories Initiative •
The Mauritshuis bears the name of Johan Maurits van Nassau-Siegen (1604–1679), who commissioned its construction and was its first occupant. In early 2018, the Mauritshuis faced an intense but brief controversy following its earlier removal of Johan Maurits’ bust from its foyer. Opponents such as Piet Emmer and centre-right… Read More
#329
Valongo Wharf in Rio de Janeiro
Brazil
By Contested Histories Initiative •
Construction works in Rio de Janeiro’s Port Region to prepare for the 2014 World Cup, and 2016 Olympics led to the rediscovery of one of the most significant landing points in the Americas for an estimated one million enslaved people between 1811 and 1831. In February 2011, Valongo Wharf… Read More
#49
I am Queen Mary Statue in Copenhagen
Denmark
By Contested Histories Initiative •
In 2018, artists La Vaughn Belle and Jeannette Ehlers created the ‘I Am Queen Mary’ Statue. The monument honours Mary Thomas, one of the three female leaders of the 1878 ‘Fireburn’ Rebellion, a revolt against Danish colonial rule on the Caribbean island of St. Croix. The monument was unveiled… Read More
Contested Heritage on Film
An interview with Oxford student & former intern Issabella Orlando on her award winning documentary ‘The Return Address’
By Mechteld Visser • 11 March 2021
When Issabella Orlando joined the Contested Histories team for a week-long research assignment in December 2020, she already had an extensive project on contested heritage under her belt. While studying full-time at Oxford University, Issabella wrote and directed the short documentary ‘The Return Address: Where Does Heritage Belong?’. The… Read More