Case Studies
To date, we have identified more than 600 cases across five continents. Our Case Studies relate to a wide array of historical legacies, including colonialism, enslavement, racism, fascism, sectarianism, communism, authoritarianism, sexual violence and others. To address these often contested legacies, decision-makers and other parties have chosen various remedies. This can take the form of the complete removal of the monument, an artistic intervention to alter the statue, or increased signage for contextualisation.
Case Studies focus on the historical background, history of the contestation, the decision-making process and the remedy employed. Once our Researchers complete them, the Case Studies are reviewed internally by the Contested Histories Team and then sent to our Academic Committee for external expert review before publication. They are revised when new developments in the case occur to provide the most accurate and up-to-date overview possible.
#358
Modeste Testas Monument in Bordeaux
France
In September 2021, the Modeste Testas statue in Bordeaux, which commemorates the city’s involvement in the slave trade, was covered in white plaster. Initially, the City Council believed there w… Read More
Modeste Testas Monument in Bordeaux
In September 2021, the Modeste Testas statue in Bordeaux, which commemorates the city’s involvement in the slave trade, was covered in white plaster. Initially, the City Council believed there w… Read More
In September 2021, the Modeste Testas statue in Bordeaux, which commemorates the city’s involvement in the slave trade, was covered in white plaster. Initially, the City Council believed there were racist motives behind the move, so they issued a legal complaint and started… Read More
#15
Latin Bridge in Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
The Latin Bridge, built in the 16th century, reached international fame as the place where, on 28 June 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassina… Read More
Latin Bridge in Sarajevo
The Latin Bridge, built in the 16th century, reached international fame as the place where, on 28 June 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassina… Read More
The Latin Bridge, built in the 16th century, reached international fame as the place where, on 28 June 1914, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie were assassinated by Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip. This event is widely regarded as one of the… Read More
#77
Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction in Uttar Pradesh
India
The Mughalsarai railway station, located in Uttar Pradesh, India, was built by the East India Company in 1862 during the British colonial era. Since then, it has been one of the busiest railway statio… Read More
Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction in Uttar Pradesh
The Mughalsarai railway station, located in Uttar Pradesh, India, was built by the East India Company in 1862 during the British colonial era. Since then, it has been one of the busiest railway statio… Read More
The Mughalsarai railway station, located in Uttar Pradesh, India, was built by the East India Company in 1862 during the British colonial era. Since then, it has been one of the busiest railway stations in India, providing a vital link for trade between the northern and eastern p… Read More
#364
Peace Memorial Complex in Hiroshima
Japan
The Peace Memorial Complex in Hiroshima memorialises the lives lost in the city’s 1945 atomic bombing and is a location to promote world peace. The site’s museum was established in 1955 and has underg… Read More
Peace Memorial Complex in Hiroshima
The Peace Memorial Complex in Hiroshima memorialises the lives lost in the city’s 1945 atomic bombing and is a location to promote world peace. The site’s museum was established in 1955 and has underg… Read More
The Peace Memorial Complex in Hiroshima memorialises the lives lost in the city’s 1945 atomic bombing and is a location to promote world peace. The site’s museum was established in 1955 and has undergone two major renovations. Yet, it continues to face criticism that it minimises… Read More
#438
Abdelkader Statue in Amboise
France
Inspired by historian Benjamin Stora’s recommendations on French-Algerian reconciliation regarding their tumultuous shared colonial history, the Amboise town council, backed by the Elysée Palace, comm… Read More
Abdelkader Statue in Amboise
Inspired by historian Benjamin Stora’s recommendations on French-Algerian reconciliation regarding their tumultuous shared colonial history, the Amboise town council, backed by the Elysée Palace, comm… Read More
Inspired by historian Benjamin Stora’s recommendations on French-Algerian reconciliation regarding their tumultuous shared colonial history, the Amboise town council, backed by the Elysée Palace, commissioned a sculpture to commemorate Emir Abdelkader, an anti-colonial fighter wh… Read More
#407
Marsha P. Johnson Statue in New York City
USA
In 2019, the New York City Council announced the installation of two monuments for Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising, which was a s… Read More
Marsha P. Johnson Statue in New York City
In 2019, the New York City Council announced the installation of two monuments for Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising, which was a s… Read More
In 2019, the New York City Council announced the installation of two monuments for Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising, which was a seminal moment for gay rights. After being postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic… Read More
#356
Columbus Monuments in Mexico City
Mexico
Mexico City was the only city known to have two statues of Cristopher Columbus. Themonuments were both 19th-century statues placed within walking distance of each other – inPaseo de la Reforma a… Read More
Columbus Monuments in Mexico City
Mexico City was the only city known to have two statues of Cristopher Columbus. Themonuments were both 19th-century statues placed within walking distance of each other – inPaseo de la Reforma a… Read More
Mexico City was the only city known to have two statues of Cristopher Columbus. Themonuments were both 19th-century statues placed within walking distance of each other – inPaseo de la Reforma and Calle Buenavista, in the heart of Mexico City. Given its visibility andpositi… Read More
#113
National Holocaust Names Memorial in Amsterdam
Netherlands
In 2013, the City of Amsterdam decided to build a memorial to the Dutch Jews, Sinti and Roma, who were murdered during the Holocaust. Circa 102,000 — between 75 and 80 percent of the Netherlands’ Jewi… Read More
National Holocaust Names Memorial in Amsterdam
In 2013, the City of Amsterdam decided to build a memorial to the Dutch Jews, Sinti and Roma, who were murdered during the Holocaust. Circa 102,000 — between 75 and 80 percent of the Netherlands’ Jewi… Read More
In 2013, the City of Amsterdam decided to build a memorial to the Dutch Jews, Sinti and Roma, who were murdered during the Holocaust. Circa 102,000 — between 75 and 80 percent of the Netherlands’ Jewish population — were killed during World War II, the highest rate in Western… Read More
#313
Coronation Park in New Delhi
India
In the 1960s, two decades after India’s independence from colonial rule, certain sections ofthe society demanded the removal of specific memorial markers of the colonial past. Thincluded the statues i… Read More
Coronation Park in New Delhi
In the 1960s, two decades after India’s independence from colonial rule, certain sections ofthe society demanded the removal of specific memorial markers of the colonial past. Thincluded the statues i… Read More
In the 1960s, two decades after India’s independence from colonial rule, certain sections ofthe society demanded the removal of specific memorial markers of the colonial past. Thincluded the statues in the Coronation Park in the capital of the country, New Delhi. TheCoronation Pa… Read More
#252
Three Dikgosi Monument in Gaborone
Botswana
On September 29, 2005, a statue of three dikgosi (kings) who visited England in 1895 to protestagainst the imminent handover of their lands to the British South Africa Company was unveiledin Botswana’… Read More
Three Dikgosi Monument in Gaborone
On September 29, 2005, a statue of three dikgosi (kings) who visited England in 1895 to protestagainst the imminent handover of their lands to the British South Africa Company was unveiledin Botswana’… Read More
On September 29, 2005, a statue of three dikgosi (kings) who visited England in 1895 to protestagainst the imminent handover of their lands to the British South Africa Company was unveiledin Botswana’s capital city, Gaborone. The three dikgosi are seen as ‘Founders of the Nation’… Read More
#208
Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama
USA
The Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, holds the dichotomous and, at times, violentlegacy of race in the American South. It memorialises Edmund Pettus, a leader of the Whitesupremacist Ku Klux Kl… Read More
Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama
The Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, holds the dichotomous and, at times, violentlegacy of race in the American South. It memorialises Edmund Pettus, a leader of the Whitesupremacist Ku Klux Kl… Read More
The Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, holds the dichotomous and, at times, violentlegacy of race in the American South. It memorialises Edmund Pettus, a leader of the Whitesupremacist Ku Klux Klan, and it was a site of pivotal Civil Rights Movement protests in the 1960s.Two… Read More
#490
Martyrs of War Memorial in Algiers
Algeria
In 2020, French Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin sparked controversy during his visit to Algeria after posting a video on Twitter attending a memorial at the Monument of the Martyr (makam el-chahid)… Read More
Martyrs of War Memorial in Algiers
In 2020, French Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin sparked controversy during his visit to Algeria after posting a video on Twitter attending a memorial at the Monument of the Martyr (makam el-chahid)… Read More
In 2020, French Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin sparked controversy during his visit to Algeria after posting a video on Twitter attending a memorial at the Monument of the Martyr (makam el-chahid) in Algiers. The monument was inaugurated in 1982 to mark the 20th anniversary of… Read More